In a proactive move to safeguard public health, Australia is poised to implement more stringent guidelines for the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water. The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) has released draft recommendations proposing reduced maximum levels for four key PFAS chemicals, signaling the country’s commitment to addressing these persistent “forever chemicals.”
Understanding the PFAS Threat
PFAS have earned the moniker “forever chemicals” due to their resistance to degradation and their tendency to linger in the environment, including in water sources. These synthetic compounds, prized for their water-repellent and heat-resistant properties, have found wide application in industries and consumer products. However, their persistence and potential health impacts have raised concerns worldwide.
The Path to Stricter Standards
Australia began phasing out PFAS chemicals in the early 2000s, leading to a decline in population exposure. However, environmental contamination remains a potential route for these substances to enter drinking water supplies. The NHMRC periodically reviews the scientific evidence to establish safe limits, with the latest draft guidelines proposing the following reductions:
- PFOS: from 70 ng/L to 10 ng/L
- PFOA: from 560 ng/L to 100 ng/L
- PFHxS: from 70 ng/L to 20 ng/L
- PFBS: introduced at 4000 ng/L
Evaluating the Health Evidence
The NHMRC’s decision to revise the guidelines stems from a thorough evaluation of the latest scientific research. While the potential health risks associated with PFAS appear to be low, studies have raised concerns about their impact on cholesterol levels and thyroid function. The International Agency for Cancer Research has also classified PFOS as “possibly carcinogenic to humans,” prompting further investigation.
Despite the concerns, studies of people chronically exposed to significant levels of PFOA have not shown statistically significant increases in heart disease.
— Australian Expert Health Panel for PFAS, 2018 Report
Minimal Impact on Water Supplies
While the proposed changes demonstrate Australia’s proactive stance, experts suggest that the impact on the country’s drinking water will be minimal. The majority of potable water supplies in Australia either have no detectable PFAS or already fall below the new limits. For instance, WaterNSW found PFOS levels between 1.2 ng/L and undetectable, well within the proposed guidelines.
Public Consultation and Next Steps
The draft guidelines are now open for public consultation until November 22, 2024. This process allows stakeholders and concerned citizens to provide feedback and contribute to the finalisation of the standards. The NHMRC is expected to release the concluding guidelines in April 2025, marking a significant milestone in Australia’s efforts to regulate PFAS in drinking water.
As Australia moves forward with these stricter measures, it sets a precedent for prioritizing public health and environmental safety. The revised guidelines, while unlikely to necessitate significant changes in water treatment, underscore the nation’s dedication to keeping pace with evolving scientific knowledge and global best practices. By taking a proactive approach to PFAS regulation, Australia aims to ensure that its citizens can trust in the quality and safety of their drinking water for generations to come.
